1- Inside the vents of active volcanoes bacteria live in conditions equivalent to a vat of hydrochloric acid. They’re not fussy about their homes!
2- Mount Fuji, the volcano that towers over the Japanese capital Tokyo, last erupted in 1707.The earthquakes and tsunami that followed killed 30,000 people and the rice fields were left barren for 100 years.
3- The lava (molten rock) that erupts out of a volcano can be as hot as 1,200 degrees Celsius (2,200 degrees Fahrenheit) and the power of a large eruption can equal that of a million nuclear bombs.
4- There is a super volcano underneath Yellowstone Park, USA that last erupted 640,000 years ago. If it erupted now, ash would be thrown over the whole of the USA and the entire world’s climate would change – perhaps enough to wipe out humans completely.
5- When the volcano Krakatau erupted in Indonesia in 1883, it made the loudest noise in recorded history – it could be heard hundreds of miles away and the sound waves travelled around the globe at least three times!
6- Under the sea, rock moves around slowly and is recycled! It goes back under the surface of the Earth to melt and re-emerges through volcanoes.The entire seabed is renewed every 150–200 million years.
7- Sometimes, a volcano explodes with such force that it blows apart completely.When this happens to an island volcano, the whole island can be destroyed.
8- Samosir is an island within an island – it is in Lake Toba, on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.The lake formed when the super volcano Toba erupted about 70,000 years ago.The island growing in the middle of the lake is actually a new volcano.
9- A new island called Surtur’s Island, near Iceland, was born in 1963! A volcano under the sea poured out lava which hardened and piled up to form the island.
10- The Kilauea volcano in Hawaii has been erupting constantly since 1983, throwing out 5 cubic metres (176 cubic feet) of lava every second!
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